| Issue |
J. Phys. Colloques
Volume 48, Number C1, Mars 1987
VIIth Symposium on the Physics and Chemistry of Ice
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|---|---|---|
| Page(s) | C1-667 - C1-667 | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.1051/jphyscol:19871101 | |
J. Phys. Colloques 48 (1987) C1-667-C1-667
DOI: 10.1051/jphyscol:19871101
APPLICATION OF SURFACE SCIENCE TO THE THEORY OF ICE FRICTION
E.L. OFFENBACHER1 et V.F. PETRENKO21 Temple University, Phyladelphia, PA 19122, U.S.A.
2 Institute of Solid State Physics, The USSR Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka 142423, Moscow District, USSR
Abstract
When an object slides over an ice surface the kinetic frictional force does not behave according to either the lubrification, boundary or solid-solid types of classical friction. In the attempt to explain frictional dependence on the temperature, the normal force and the relative thermal conductivities of the contacting materials, investigators have proposed the existence of one of three different phases of H2O lubricant-liquid, vapor, and surface layer phase. The latter (referred to as the quasi-liquid or anomalous layer) has been postulated to possess structural and electrical properties that are significantly different from those of ice or water and a greater rotational freedom has been ascribed to its molecules than to the H2O molecules in the bulk beneath the anomalous layer. The kinetic frictional force experienced by an ice surface has been measured for single crystals as well as for polycrystals for a wide range of physical conditions, for relative velocities of nine orders of magnitude, for temperatures down to -30°C, for granite, glass, brass, steel, ice and other contacting materials.